블루모스크(Sultanahmet Mosque. Blue mosque) 안내. 이스탄불(Istanbul)

블루모스크(Sultanahmet Mosque. Blue mosque) 안내.

이스탄불(Istanbul). 터키(Turkey)

sultanahmetcamii.org

 

 

 

Ambo

 

 

 

   

                  Sultanahmet Mosque & Kulliyah

1. Mosque                                             2. Madrasah

3. Primary school                                    4. Bathhouse

5. Furnace                                             6. Imaret (Poorhouse)

7. Dar al-Shifaa                                       8. Tomb

9. Pavilion of the Sultan                            10. Arasta (Bazaar)

 

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Kulliyah

Sultanahmet Kulliyah was built by Mehmet Aga between 1609 & 1616 by the order of Sultan Ahmet I, in the are southeast to the Hippodrome. one of the largest building complexes of Istanbul, the Kulliyah consists of the mosque, madrasahs, pavilions of the sultan, arasta (bazaar), bathhouse, fountains, tomb, dar al-Shifaa (hospital), primary school, imaret (poorhouse) & bed sitting rooms. It is the last sultan Kulliyah to be built with the classical style.

 

Chief architect Sedefkâr Mehmet Ağa required a large area for the huge kulliyah he designed &

wanted the structures to dominate the Marmara Sea & the Bosphorus. He faced difficulties in choosing the right places since there were kulliyahs that were built in previous periods in the most appropriate locations of the city. For this reason, the area facing Hagia Sophia, which is one of the most magnificent structures of Istanbul, was chosen & the manors & pavilions in this area were demolished. Care was taken to make the kulliyah, which was built facing the Hagia Sophia, which is the most beatiful example of Byzantium archiectures, as pretentious as the aforementioned structure & a masterpiece which has the quality to be the prestige building of the Empire, was constructed. In 1609, a groundbreaking ceremony was attended by Ahmet I. Kulliyah was inaugurated in 1616, but was finished in 1617, after Ahmet I passed away.

 

Sultanahmet Mosque

Suntanahmet Mosque is situated at the finest scene of Istanbul which can be viewed from the sea. With the conversion of Hagia Sophia from a mosque to a museum in 1934, it has become one of the main mosque of Istanbul. Described as the "unreachable symbol of lightness & elegancy, with its six thin minarets & dome layout", the mosque is the utmost point reached by the dome layout on four pillars in classical Ottoman architecture. The diameter of the 43 m high central dome is 23.5 m. The upper storey of the mosque, which does not distort the integrity of the internal environment, has been shaped in conncetion with the buttresses (support systems) which are located on three walls.

 

The interior of the mosque is adorned with more than 20.000 pieces of blue, green & white Iznik china, which are highly aesthetic. It is called the "Blue Mosque" since the semi-domes & the inner part of the large dome are decorated with heavily blue calligraphy. Enriched with traditional plant patterns, the China adornments carry the structure one step ahead of being a house of prayer, & give it the appearance of a china museum. Furthermore, Mimar Mehmet
Ağa, who is a master in mother of pearl workmanship, adorned certain parts of the structure with peculiar examples of mother of pearl decoration. 260 arched windows in the mosque provide the building with a very luminous atmosphere. This feature distinguishes it from the mystical illumination of Şehzadebaşi & Süleymaniye mosques. one of the greatest characteristics which make the mosque different is that it is the first 6 minaret mosque of Turkey. The ones that are artfully located in the front have two balconies, & the ones in the back have three.

Situated with mastery, these minarets have been used as the elements connecting the main structure & the inner courtyard.

 

Courtyard

The mosque has a courtyard covered with 30 domes & surrounded by porches. In the middle of the courtyard, there is a fountain which is adorned with rumi patterns whose arches intertwine, embossed tulip & clove patterns.

 

Hünkâr Kasri (Pavillion of the Sultan)

It is the first known example of the pavilion of the sultan, which is designed as a structure where the emperor can sit back & rest or converse before or after prayer. The building, which is accessed by a short ramp on the floor of the outer courtyard, is situated on a high basement. A gallery arrangement which is peculiar to traditional Turkish houses can be seen on the upper storey.

The original roof & decorations have not reached today.

 

Today, Hünkâr Kasri is used as a Carpet Museum by the Directorate General of Foundations. The Kilim & Flat-woven Rugs Museum organized by the Directorate General of Foundations is located at the basement of the mosque.

 

Dar al-Hadith Madrasah

Madrasah consists of 24 student cells around the rectangle & porched courtyard, to the northeast of the kulliyah. The classroom & the prayer room is located at the northern corner. The plan layout where the classroom was left at the corner was utilized in this madrasah for the first time & was never used again. Another characteristic which distinguishes it from the conventional madrasah plan is that the cells have a two-storey window system which faces the courtyard.

 

Dar al-Kurra

The Dar al-Kurra building, which is very close to the tomb & where Quran is recited & Quran education is provided, is planned as a square & is covered with a dome.

 

Primary School

This school which is the equivalent of modern primary schools is adjacent to the wall of the outer courtyard. The ground floor has a fountain & shops, & the upper floor has a square shaped classroom. There is a furnace in the middle of the windowless northern wall of the classroom, & one alcove on each side of the furnace.

 

Arasta (Bazaar)

Arasta (bazaar), which is the furthest building of Sultanahmet Kulliyah facing kiblah, is the only open air bazaar from 17th century in Istanbul. The shops where the items belonging to sipahis (Ottoman cavalrymen) are sold can be used for touristic purposes.

 

Bathhouse

The remaining parts of the hexagonal bathhouse, the frigidarium of which was destroyed in the 1912 Ishak Paşa conflagration, have been used as tepidarium (resting area), halvet (private bathing cell) & Külhan (furnace which heats up the bathhouse & the water)

 

Dar al-Shifaa

Consisting of 26 square planned & domed rooms surrounding a porched courtyard, this dar al-shifaa is the only dar al-shifaa built in 17th century. It has been converted into a two-storey school during the construction of the Industry School. Its porches & cells have been demolished; however, the outer walls & the depressed arched gate have been preserved. There is a bathhouse affiliated with Dar al-Shifaa, which is specifically designed for the patients

 

Imaret (Poorhouse)

The imaret (poorhouse) inside the Sultanahmet Kulliyah is laid out dispersedly & each unit is built as a separate mass, in contrast to other imaret structures seen in traditional Turckish architecture which are built around a courtyard. The imaret has three structures which have not lost their architectural originality.

 

One of them is the kitchen. The kitchen has a really advanced chimney system & a vaulted storage next to it.

The cellar, which is the largest building of the building & the one that is closest to Dar al-Shifaa, has a sheltered vaulted room. Its outer walls have been built without windows. The building which is closest to the courtyard is the furnace of the imaret.

Both doors of this square planned structure open towards the kitchen. one of the original chimneys & the lead coating of the furnace have not reached today

 

Tomb

The closed section of the tomb, which is located at the northeastern corner of the kulliyah, is a place covered with a single dome & planned as a square. The construction work started after Ahmet I passed away, during the reign of Mustafa I (1617-1618), & finished during the reign of Osman II (1618-1622). The middle section, where the porches facing northeast are wider, has been allocated to the entrance. There are sofas on the sides. The interior of the tomb is adorned with the china & penmanship works which can are commonly seen in the tombs of sultans. The tomb stands out with its asymmetrical window layout. The fact that the window which is aligned with the sarcophagus of Ahmet I is larger, creates an interesting effect in the interior environment of the structure.

 

Kösem Sultan, the wife of Ahmet I, his sons Osman II, Murat IV & grandsons are buried with him in the tomb.

The fountain which was very close to the tomb has been demolished in 19th century, & a muvakkithane was built in its place.

 

Muvakkithane (Time House)

Muvakkithane, where people who are assigned to indicate the time for prayers & their clocks & tools are located, is accessed by the door in front of the tomb of Sultan Ahmet I.\

The square planned structure has rectangle windows with iron screens. The decorations of muvakkithane are Early Empire style. 1613 charter has a register which says "a muvakkit (person in charge of observing the prayer time) who knows the time to call for prayer & who is saati mikadda cazim". According to this, it is understood that the persons whose knowledge is not ensured can not be a muvakkit (person who tells the time of the prayer by looking at the sun).

 

- 안내문에서 -

 

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