아크로폴리스(The Acropolis of Athens). 아테네(Athens)

The Acropolis of Athens. 아테네(Athens). 그리스(Greece)

 

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1. Temple of Athena Nike                                2. Propylaea

3. Pinakotheke                                              4. Sanctuary of Brauronian Artemis

5. Chalkotheke                                              6. Statue of Athena Promachos

7. Arrhephorion                                             8. Pandroseion

9. Erechtheion                                              10. "Old Temple" of Athena

11. Altar of Athena                                         12. Parthenon

13. Temple of Rome & Augustus                      14. Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus

15. Sanctuary of Pandion                                16. Old Museum

17. Odeum of Herodes Atticus                         18. Portico of Eumenes

19. Asklepieion                                              20. Theatre of Dionysus

21. Monument of Agrippa

 

 

 

The sacred rock of the Acropolis was for many centuries the most important religious centre of the Athens. The first traces of occupation go back to the Neolithic period. In Mycenaean times it was the seat of the king, whose megaron stood roughly on the site on which the Erechtheion was built many centuries later. After the IIth c. BC it became the home of the cult of Athena. patron goddess of the city that took her name, and of other gods. and was adorned down to the end of antiquity with majestic temples, brilliant buildings and a vast number of votive monuments. In the middle of the 5th c. BC, when Athens was at the height of its power, the ambitious artistic programme of Perikles was implemented: the Parthenon, the Propylaea and, a little later, the temple of Athena Nike and the Erechtheion, were all erected between 447 and 406 BC, remaining to the present day witnesses to the Greek Classical civilisation.

 

 

Entrance to the Acropolis is from the west, by way of the Propylaea. This building was the work of the architecture Mnesikles & was erected in the years 437-432 BC. It consists of a central building & two wings. The north wing had paintings or frescoes on its walls, & is therefore known as th Pinakotheke("Art Gallery"). The small Ionic temple of Athena Nike was erected to the south of the Propylaea about 420 BC. The architect of this temple was Kallikrates. It had four Ionic columns at both the front & back. A marble protective balustrade with relief figures of Nike encircled the top of the bastion on which the temple was built.

 

The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, was the earliest of the Classical monuments on the Acropolis, which wre built in the second half of the 5th c. BC to replace the earlier buildings destroyed when the Persians burned the Athenian Acropolis in 480 BC. Perikles was the inspiration behind the building of the temple & the work was directed by Pheidias. The architects of the Parthenon, which was constructed & decorated between 447 & 432 BC, were lktinos & Kallikrates. The Parthenon is a Doric peristyle temple with eight columns on the ends & seventeen on the sides. The columns, walls & sculptural decoration are of white Pentelic marble.

 

All the upper parts of the temple were decorated. on the outside, the metopes were carved with the battle of the gods & Giants (Gigantomachy) on the east side, of the Lapiths & Centaurs (Centauromachy) on the south, of the Athenians & Amazons (Amazonomachy) on the west, & the Trojan War on the north side. The two pediments had scenes from myths connected with the goddess Athena: the birth of the goddess in the presence of the other gods, on the east pediment, & her contest with Poseidon for Athens on the west. The walls of the cella were encircled by a relief frieze depicting the Panathenaic procession. THe chryselephantine statue of the goddness by Pheidias stood inside the temple.

 

The Erechtheion was built about 420 BC on the north side of the flat summit of the hill & housed earlier cults.  It is an Ionic temple, with a complex design. on the east side is a porch, with six Ionic columns, on the north a monumental propylon & on the south a porch, the roof of which is supported by six figures of maidens, the famous Caryatids. The cella was divided into two parts, in which Athena & Poseidon-Erechtheus were worshipped.

The space between the large sanctuaries mentioned above was filled with smaller sanctuaries & other buildings as well as with bronze statues dedicated to the gods.

 

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