지오또의 종탑 (조토의 종탑. Campanile di Giotto. Giotto's Bell Tower). 피렌체(Firenze)

지오또의 종탑 (조토의 종탑).

(Campanile di Giotto. Giotto's Bell Tower).

피렌체(Firenze). 이탈리아(Italy)

museumflorence.com

 

조토의 종탑(Campanile di Giotto)은 이탈리아 피렌체에 있는 종탑이다.

조토가 설계하였다.

1334년 제작을 시작하여 조토가 죽은 후 제자 안드레아 피사노와 탈렌티가 1359년에 완성했다. 높이는 약 85m이다

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Giotto's bell tower is one of the four principal monuments on the Piazza del Duomo.

84.7 metres tall and approximately 15 metres in breadth, it is the most eloquent example of 14^th century Gothic architecture in Florence, combining a strong vertical thrust with the principle of sound solidity, its corner buttresses rising the full length of the tower to the projecting terrace at the top.

Clad in white, red and green marble like the cathedral adjacent to it, the majestic square bell tower, considered to be the most beautiful campanile in Italy and probably designed more for decorative than for functional purposes, was begun by Giotto in 1334.

By the time Giotto died in 1337 he had completed only the first part of his bell tower, up to the hexagonal panels which form a kind of figurative narrative carved by Andrea Pisano to Giotto's design, and to the reliefs (formerly on a blue ground) by Andrea Pisano and Luca della Robbia.

Andrea Pisano carried Giotto's design up to the first two levels, while artists such as Alberto Arnaldi adorned the outside with carved lozenges.

The rich decorative apparatus comprising hexagonal panels and lozenges embodies the concept of Universal Order and tells the story of the Redemption of Mankind.

The reliefs begin with the Creation of Man and continue with a depiction of his Activities, the Planets which regulate the course of his existence, the Virtues which fortify him, the Liberal Arts which educate him and the Sacraments which sanctify him.

The statues, conceived as an integral part of the building rather than as decorative elements adorning it, deserve individual consideration.

Andrea Pisano replaced the bas-reliefs planned for the second level with sixteen niches designed to contain figures of the Kings and Sibyls and statues of the Patriarchs and Prophets, the latter being carved at a later date by Nanni di Banco and Donatello. They include a splendid group by Donatello depicting the Sacrifice of Isaac, one of the loftiest achievements of 15^th century naturalism in the realm of sculpture.

The originals of all these sculptures are now kept in the Opera Museum for conservation purposes.

Work was broken off for two years, between 1348 and 1350, but the bell tower was completed in 1359, after the terrible years of the Black Death, by Francesco Talenti, a talented builder and the designer of the large windows in the upper levels of the tower. We have Talenti to thank for the feeling of airy lightness created by the two-light windows in the Sienese style and the large three-light windows with their tympana, giving us an elegant Gothic building without sacrificing the classical stringency of the original design.

A large projecting terrace at the top, after a climn of over 400 steps, functions as a panoramic roof. It is the final feature in Talenti's design, replacing a spire in Giotto's original plan.

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