로슬린 채플(Rosslyn Chapel)(2)

로슬린 채플(Rosslyn Chapel)(2). 스코틀랜드(Scotland)

rosslynchapel.com

 

The St Clair family settles here - 1070

One of the first members of the St Clair family, William 'the Seemly', accompanies Princess Margaret to Scotland where she marries King Malcolm. To reward William, the king gives him the lands of Rosslyn and the family settle here.

 

 

1070

King Malcolm Canmore encourage the St Clairs to settle in Scotland. William 'The Seemly' St Clair escorts Princess Margaret to Scotland to marry the Scottish king.

 

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Rosslyn Castle is built - 1304

Sir Henry St Clair builds Rosslyn Castle to replace an earlier building. You can see the castle in Roslin Glen today.

 

1303

The Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Roslin. Fought in Roslin Glen, this was part of the Scottish Wars of Independence. 11 years later Henry St Clair fought with Robert the Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn.

 

1304

Sir Henry St Clair builds Rosslyn Castle on the site it stands today. replacing an earlier castle in the glen.

 

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The St Clairs go on crusade - 1330

Sir Henry's sons, William and John, are kelled in a fierce battle in Spain on their way to Jerusalem, where they are taking King Robert the Bruce's heart to be buried.

 

 

1330

Sir William St Clair and his brother John join the crusade to carry Rober the Bruce's heart to be buried in Jerusalem. During the journey the Scots fight a fierce battle in Teba in Spain. William and John are among those killed.

 

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Work begins on the Chapel - 1446

Sir William St Clair, 3rd Prince of Orkney, decides to build a Chapel which will be his ticket to beaven. He employs many masons to work on Rosslyn Chapel and to carve hundreds of sculptures on the inside and outside.

 

 

1406

Henry St Clair accompanies the future King James I of Scotland when he is sent to France for safekeeping. But they are captured en route by the English and Henry is held prisoner for a year.

 

1446

Sir William St Clair, 3rd Prince of Orkney, begins to build Rosslyn Chapel in devotion to God and to ensure his place in Heaven.

 

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Clergy pray for Sir William's soul - 1484

Sir William provides money to staff the Chapel with a provost and other clergy who pray for his soul to help guarantee his place in heaven.

 

1450

The foundations of Rosslyn Chapel are dedicated as the Collegiate Chapel of St. Matthew.

 

Many collegiate chapels like this were built during the 1400s in order to educate and spread intellectual and spiritual knowledge.

 

1484

Sir William St Clair dies and his plans for a larger building are never realised. It is believed he is buried inside the Chapel. William's son, Oliver, carries on his father's work.

 

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The Chapel stops being used - 1592

In 1571 the Chapel's clergy are forced to leave as the Protestant Reformation prevents Catholic worship taking place. In the following year, the altars are destroyed and the family stop using the Chapel.

 

 

1484-1592

William St Clair left enough money to staff the Chapel with clergy to pray for his salvation. Rosslyn Chapel remains the working chapel of the St Clair family for over 100 years

 

 

1544

Rosslyn Castle is damaged during Henry VIII's 'Rough Wooing'. This was when the English king waged war on Scotland in an attempt to force the Scots to agree a marriage betwen his son, Edward, and Mary, Queen of Scots.

 

1571

The Protestant Reformation takes hold which outlaws Roman Catholic worship. The Chapel's clergy are forced to resign.

 

1592

Oliver St Clair is ordered to destroy the altars of Rosslyn Chapel as the Protestant Reformation takes hold. With the building no longer used as a place of worship, it gradually falls into disrepair.

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Rosslyn Chapel used as a stable - 1650

Oliver Cromwell invades Scotland and his troops attack Rosslyn Castle. During the fighting, the troops stable their horses in Rosslyn Chapel.

 

1630

The St Clairs are granted charters from the Operative Masons of Scotland acknowledging them as their 'hereditary patrons and protectors'. Later, in 1736, Sir William St Clair becomes the first Grand Master of the Freemasons of Scotland.

 

1650

Oliver Cromwell's troops attack Rosslyn Castle and stable their horses in Rosslyn Chapel.

 

Sir William St Clair of Rosslyn dies at the Battle of Dunbar. He is believed to be the last kinght to be buried in full armour beneath the Chapel, in keeping with the Wt Clair family custom.

 

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The Chapel inspires artists & poets - 1780s

The romantic ruins of the castle and the mossy over-grown appearance of the Chapel attract many artists and poets. Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott and Dorothy Wordsworth all visit and are inspired by the Chapel, Castle and Glen.

 

1688

Furniture and vestments which remain in the Chapel are attacked and damaged by an angry Protestant mob in support of William of Orange.

 

1736

Sir James St Clair begins work on the Chapel for the first time since it was abandoned in the 16th century. He glazes the windows, adds a roof to the side aisles and re-lays the floor with flagstones.

 

1780s

The romantic ruins of the Castle and picturesque setting of the Chapel begin to attract many poets and artists, including Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott and Alexander Nasmyth.

 

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Queen Victoria visit - 1842

Queen Victoria visit the Chapel, which has lain empty for over 200 years. She thinks the building is very important and says that it should be repaired. 20 years later Sunday services begin again in the Chapel.

 

1803

Dorothy Wordsworth visits Rosslyn Chapel with her brother William. Dorothy pronounces the architecture 'exquisitely beautiful'.

 

1805

'The Lay of the Last Minstrel' by Sir Walter Scott is published, a poem inspired by the history of Rosslyn Chapel and the St Clairs. It describes the myth of the Chapel glowing red when a member of the St Clair family dies.

 

1818

The artist JMW Turner visits Rosslyn and paints the Castle and Glen.

 

1837

The 3rd Earl of Rosslyn undertakes an extensive programme of repairs. The 18th-century sloping roof is removed and workcarried out to restore the interior fabric of the building.

 

1842

Queen Victoria visits the Chapel and declares that 'so unique a gem should be preserved for the country'.

 

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Giant umbrella goes up - 1997

The Chapel's stonework is wet and mossy. To help dry the building out, a canopy, a bit like a giant umbrella is built over the building. This is the start of work to help conserve this very special building for the future.

 

 

1862

Following restoration work, Rosslyn Chapel is rededicated by the Episcopal Bishop of Edinburgh and Sundary services begin again for the first time in over 200 years.

 

1881

Francis Robert, 4th Earl of Rosslyn, adds the baptistery onto the west end of the Chapel, incorporating an organ loft above and a new entrance on the west wall.

 

1954

Flaking carvings in the Chapel are coated in a cement wash in an effort to preserve them, but unwittingly this causes moisture to become trapped in the stone.

 

1995

The Rosslyn Chapel Trust is formed by the 7th Earl to conserve and care for the Chapel. Soon after the Trust constructs a protective canopy over the Chapel to help dry out the stonework.

 

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Chapel takes centre stage - 2006

Dan Brown's book 'The Da Vinci Code' is filmed at Rosslyn Chapel. Hollywood stars are on set and the film makes Rosslyn Chapel more popular than ever.

 

 

2003

Dan Brown's controversial book 'The Da Vinci Code' is published, attracting more visitors to Rosslyn Chapel than ever.

 

2009

A major conservation programme to stabilise the building by undoing damage caused in the past and prevent further decay ges underway.

 

2011

The conservation work continues to ensure that the Chapel is preserved for future generations.

 

Rosslyn Chapel Visitor Centre opens to the public.

 

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